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    • 专利摘要:
    FIG. 1B The present invention relates to a geocomposite for liquid-permeable supporting of loads, a method for placing such a geocomposite, and the use of such a geocomposite for liquid-permeable supporting of loads. In particular, the geocomposite comprises a plate with channels in a honeycomb structure and a geotextile attached to the underside of the plate, the channels having a wall thickness on the underside of the plate that is lower than the wall thickness of the channels on the upper side of the plate. plate. FIG. 1B
    公开号:BE1023068B1
    申请号:E2015/0167
    申请日:2015-06-12
    公开日:2016-11-16
    发明作者:Chris SLABBINCK；Hoorde Christophe Karel Kamiel Van
    申请人:Ecco Bvba；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    GEOCOMPOSITE FOR WATERPROOF SUPPORT TECHNICAL DOMAIN
    The invention relates to geocomposite plates for supporting loads in a water-permeable manner, a more specific form of so-called 'cellular confinement systems' or CCS or geocells. In particular, these geocomposite plates are extremely suitable for constructing walking and / or driving paths, parking lots, driveways and the like.
    BACKGROUND ART
    An aesthetic layer of gravel is often chosen when constructing driveways, walkways, car parks and the like. This brings with it many problems. On the one hand, the stones are loose and, for example, a parking lot 'loses' part of the covering layer of gravel every day due to traffic on it, moreover, the gravel tends to organize itself in a certain way by this traffic, and accumulations and 'bare spots', where insufficient gravel is present. In addition, a concrete foundation is often used below to provide a sufficiently solid foundation, which in turn is not permeable to water and can cause pias formation and drainage problems. When choosing a ground surface, there is the problem that this does not provide sufficient support and, in the case of heavy rainfall, can not only lead to piasing, but can also give mud or mud. To counter these problems, more and more geocomposite layers are being laid on an earth or concrete layer. A geocomposite layer allows sufficient drainage and can also temporarily retain water in the event of major rainfall, so that it can gradually drain off later. In addition, it offers sufficient strength to, for example, let cars rest on it and / or drive on it.
    Geocomposites combine multiple materials, often geosynthetic materials, specifically for an application to bundle the benefits of the individual materials. These materials are often quite cheap and in that sense the combination is also economically interesting. A common component here is a geotextile that provides a water-permeable layer that can then retain other materials such as gravel, sand and the like. Geotextile is often used in combination with a layer consisting of a geogrid, or preferably a layer consisting of geocells or a cellular confinement System (CCS), which of course are also water-permeable. These are used in, among other things, the aforementioned applications to support loads, whereby the loads can be static, such as for example at a parking lot, or moving, such as at a driveway or at paths. A CCS consists of a layer or plate with cells, often in a honeycomb structure for firmness and for commercial reasons, where the cells are filled with a filling material, such as earth, sand, gravel or other granulates. The CCS serves on the one hand to keep the filling material on site (to prevent getting 'bald spots' for example in a gravel driveway) and to prevent erosion. On the other hand, the CCS also provides support for loads, whereby when filled with a filling material this support can handle even greater load because the filling material supports the load on the one hand, but also spreads it over neighboring cells in order to achieve a better spread load. In particular, geo cells contribute to the strength of the filling material. The lateral pressure exerted by the walls of the geocells on the filling material increases when a (compressive) force is exerted on the surface of the geocell (a downward pressure on the plane of the geocells). This increased lateral pressure can be as great as the compressive, downward force. Because the strength of the filling material depends on the lateral pressure, an increase in the lateral pressure causes an increased strength of the filling material. In this way a CCS with filler material can carry larger loads than an 'empty' CCS since the filler material can make a large contribution to the total strength.
    In addition, geocells also provide a restriction in lateral movement for the filler material. Furthermore, support systems that use such geocells or CCS are cheaper than existing alternatives, and more practical to install.
    U.S. Pat. No. 2,990,114,242 issued to the United States Patent discloses such a geocomposite which consists of a geocomponent and an outer covering layer on one side thereof, optionally a geotextile. In addition, the geocomposite also contains filler material. However, in practice it appears that many geocomposites on the market have insufficient pressure resistance and / or twist resistance (resistance to frictional stresses) due to a combination of poor material choices and the same geocomposite structure.
    The expired French patent FR2677062 describes a pedestrian support panel which comprises a plate with a honeycomb structure, which is provided on the top and bottom with a water-permeable layer of geotextile, and wherein a (semi) porous or perforated cover is provided on the top to let water through. Again, no mention is made of reinforcing measures and this results in a geocomposite with insufficient pressure and / or torsional resistance. Moreover, due to the sealing layer on both sides, geotextile and possibly even an additional covering, it becomes impractical to fill the geocomposite, or to fill it with filler material such as gravel.
    The expired French patent FR2882076 describes a plate with a honeycomb structure, wherein the channels through the plate are closed on one side with a geotextile, and wherein the channels are filled with a filling material. No reference is made herein to further reinforcing measures at the plate.
    The known plates show in practical tests that there is insufficient bearing capacity, rapid wear out with rotating loads (too low frictional resistance). In addition, the attachment of geotextiles to the honeycomb structure plate (geocells) often turns out to be a problem and it already dissolves at a low load. For that reason, a cost-efficient implementation of this known structure is being sought, among other things through material selection, production techniques and structure choices.
    It is an object of the present invention to find a solution to at least some of the aforementioned problems.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    In a first aspect the invention relates to a geocomposite for the liquid-permeable support of loads. The geocomposite comprises at least one thermoplastic plate, the plate having an upper side and a lower side. A plurality of channels run from the top to the bottom and are open at the top and bottom of the plate. The channels are separated by walls. These edges are preferably approximately perpendicular to the plane of the plate. Preferably, the channels throughout the plate are arranged in a honeycomb structure for increased firmness, more preferably with hexagons at the open ends of the channels. Moreover, this results in a structure that is low in weight and uses a low amount of material. A water-permeable layer of geotextile is adhered to the bottom of the plate (or to the top since no preferred orientation has yet been set) and wherein the layer of geotextile closes the opening of the channels on the bottom of the plate. The geotextile layer preferably extends approximately 10 cm along each side of the plate. The thickness of the walls on the underside of the plate is lower than the thickness of the walls on the upper side of the plate. The ratio of the thickness at the top to the thickness at the bottom is preferably comprised between 1.05 and 2. Preferably, the thickness of the walls gradually increases from the bottom of the plate to the top of the plate. This provides a larger contact surface on the top of the plate, on which the loads will engage. By distributing the forces that are supposed to be distributed over a larger area, the pressure on the plate is lowered and can be transferred to, among other things, filling material. The plate is preferably substantially flat and / or substantially rectangular. The plate preferably comprises high density polyethylene (HDPE). The geotextile preferably comprises polyester, and in a further preferred preferred form comprises a thermally bonded continuous bi-component filament wherein the filament has a core comprising polyester and has a coating comprising polypropylene. Preferably, the geocomposite comprises two plates of equal size that lie side by side and with which they are adhered to the geotextile such that they can be folded onto one another, the geotextile being partially inserted between the two plates. In a preferred embodiment, the walls have a thickness between 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the plate has a thickness of either about 15 mm or about 30 mm or about 40 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the geotextile comprises an anti-root layer. In a preferred embodiment, a first channel comprises a plurality of seams in the wall of the first channel where a wall of another channel meets the wall of the first channel and at least one of the seams of the first channel is reinforced. This reinforcement is preferably done by thickening the walls on the seams. In a preferred embodiment, the channels have an equal diameter comprised between 40 mm and 60 mm, preferably between 46 mm and 54 mm, and more preferably a diameter of approximately 50 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the plate has a length of approximately 120 mm and a width of approximately 80 mm. If two plates lie side by side and are attached to the geotextile such that they can be folded onto each other, each of the plates has the aforementioned dimensions, and the plates, if not folded onto each other, preferably lie with the long sides next to each other. The geotextile ensures that there is as little play as possible between the plates when they are not folded together so that they fit together. The structure of the channels is also preferably adapted to provide a good connection of the two plates to each other. In a preferred embodiment, the invention comprises a geocomposite plate as described above and filling material suitable for at least partially filling the channels of the plate. The filling material is preferably gravel. More preferably, the gravel has a length comprised between one fifth and one third of the diameter of the channels, in order to obtain an optimum ratio between the required amount of filling material and the firmness of the filled construction. Still further preferably, the invention comprises sufficient filler material to fill the channels of the plate with the filler material and to place another layer of approximately 1 cm above the geocomposite.
    In a possible embodiment the channels are truncated six-sided pyramids, because the wall thickness on the top of the plate is higher than the wall thickness on the bottom of the plate. This results in so-called frusto-pyramidal channels, which, when placed, have a smaller opening at the top on which the load engages than at the bottom. This offers the advantage that possible filling material remains better contained by the slightly narrowed opening on the top. The filling material can be sucked into the known systems by loading on the material. Filling material can be sucked in due to the suction effect of a moving car. This happens because the car temporarily covers channels and increases the pressure therein, and then drives away and thus creates an overpressure in the channel that must be neutralized. This may be accompanied by filler material that is sucked in, and over time, to a significant loss of filler material in the channels. Furthermore, with the inverted truncated six-sided pyramids, this arrangement prevents the compacting of filler material. Compacting leads to a reduced liquid permeability, or can even render the system completely liquid impermeable if the filler material is fine enough. The force and pressure on the system is better absorbed by the plate, as stated earlier, and the filling material can also distribute the forces exerted better. The advantages mentioned also occur with other forms of the channels, as long as the wall thickness on the top side of the plate is higher than the wall thickness on the bottom side, so that the openings of the channels on the top side are smaller than the openings on the bottom side.
    In a second aspect, the invention relates to a method for placing the geocomposite as described above. This method comprises the following steps: optionally excavating a foundation slit, optionally placing a sub-foundation in the foundation slit, optionally placing a leveling layer (between 5 and 20 cm, preferably limestone, porphyry or sieve sand), one or more geocomposites in a foundation slot, optionally filling the channels of the one plurality of geocomposites with a filler material, and optionally placing a top layer of filler material above the one or more geocomposites.
    In a third aspect the invention relates to the use of a geocomposite as described above for the water-permeable support of loads.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1A shows a top view of the single-plate geocomposite. FIG. 1B shows an isometric view of the single-plate geocomposite. FIG. IC shows an enlarged plan view of a corner of the plate of FIG. IA. FIG. 2A shows an isometric view of the expanded two-plate geocomposite. FIG. 2B shows a bottom view of the folded-out geocomposite with two plates. FIG. 2C shows a side view of the collapsed geocomposite with two plates. FIG. 3A shows a cross section of a geocomposite perpendicular to the plate, the geocomposite comprising gravel as a filler material. FIG. 3B shows a cross section of a geocomposite perpendicular to the plate, indicating a path for draining liquids.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    The present invention relates to a geocomposite plate, comprising a thermoplastic plate provided with channels, for example a geocell plate, and a geotextile, for example a geotextile cloth, fixed to the underside of the geocell plate, suitable for water-permeable support of loads such as pedestrians, cars and other vehicles. The invention further relates to a method for placing the geocomposite plate according to the present invention and a method for manufacturing the geocomposite plate. Finally, the invention relates to the use of such a geocomposite plate for water-permeable support of loads.
    In the following, the invention is described a.d.h.v. non-limiting examples illustrating the invention, and which are not intended or may be interpreted to limit the scope of the invention.
    Unless defined otherwise, all terms used in the description of the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art of the invention. For a better assessment of the description of the invention, the following terms are explicitly explained. "A", "de" and "het" in this document refer to both the singular and the plural unless the context clearly assumes otherwise. For example, "a segment" means one or more than one segment.
    The terms "include", "comprising", "consist of", "consisting of", "provided with", "contain", "containing", "including" are synonyms and are inclusive or open terms indicating the presence of what follows indicate, and which do not preclude or prevent the presence of other components, features, elements, members, steps, known from or described in the prior art.
    The term "geosynthetic material" refers to a synthetic material for site stabilization and to prevent erosion, and comprises 8 large groups: geotextile, geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, geosoam, geocells and geocomposites. These are often made from polymer for durability.
    The term "geocomposite" refers to the combination of two or more geosynthetic materials to utilize the specific advantages of the separate materials. The applications of this are mainly separation of materials, reinforcement, filtration, drainage and fixing of materials, and of course combinations of several. The most common combinations are geotextile geonet, geotextile geomembrane, geomembrane geogrid, geotextile geogrid and the like.
    The term "geotextile" refers to permeable cloths or webs used for draining liquids, filtering, separating, protecting and / or reinforcing. These often comprise polypropylene and / or polyester, but optionally also polyethylene, nylon, fiberglass and others, and can be woven, non-woven or knitted.
    The term "geocell" or "CCS" refers to a system consisting of a matrix of adjacent cells that extend in a flat or wavy structure. The system is used to hold the soil over a certain area by storing the soil particles in the cells, and to support loads through the combination of the system and the soil particles that are retained in the cells.
    When talking about the diameter of the channels, this concerns the largest possible distance between the walls in a section of the channels along the plane of the plate. If the channels follow a honeycomb structure and are all approximate hexagonal prisms, then this is also the diameter of the hexagon that is the top or bottom surface of the hexagonal prism.
    The term "bi-component filament" refers to a filament consisting of two different polymers. This technique is used to create materials with qualities that do not occur with filaments consisting of a single polymer. Usually during extrusion two different polymers are pressed through one and the same spin plate to create a single filament that comprises two different polymers.
    The term "high density polyethylene" or "HDPE" refers to a polyethylene thermoplastic with increased density (often between 930 and 970 kg / m3), which, compared to other forms of polyethylene such as low density polyethylene (LPDE), provides increased strength, hardness, specific strength and temperature resistance and reduces branching.
    The term "Melt Flow Index" or "MFI" is a measure of the flow of a molten thermoplastic polymer. The higher the MFI, the smoother the molten polymer is. The value of an MFI for a polymer has been or is being determined through a standardized test. This These values are of great importance, since a high value often indicates 'easily' workable material, which, however, often lacks mechanical strength. The reverse can be said for materials with a low MFI. Often a balance has to be found, but it is clear that a lower MFI is preferred, as long as the material remains workable.
    The term "modulus" or "flexural modulus" refers to the extent to which a material deforms upon application of a certain external stress or force, which is calculated by raising the length of a beam to the third power, times the force that is applied perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, divided by four times the width of the beam that is perpendicular to the applied force times the thickness of the beam to the third force (which is parallel to the applied force) times the bending distance.
    In a first aspect, the invention relates to a geocomposite for liquid-permeable support of loads, wherein the geocomposite comprises at least one thermoplastic plate, which has an upper side and a lower side, and is provided with a plurality of channels in a honeycomb structure from the top to the bottom. These channels are open at the bottom and at the top of the plate. The geocomposite further comprises a geotextile, the geotextile being liquid-permeable and the geotextile being adhered to the underside of the plate. Preferably the geotextile is adhered to at least 50% of the surface of the underside of the plate, more preferably at least 75% and even more preferably at least 90% and most preferably to the entire surface of the underside of the plate. In this way, a strong adhesion of the geotextile to the plate is ensured, which is necessary under load, so that any filling material cannot touch the geotextile under the plate. In addition, the geotextile will once be partially detached, more quickly detached from the plate. The geocomposite is characterized in that the walls at the bottom of the plate have a thickness that is lower than at the top of the plate. Preferably, the ratio of the thickness of the walls at the top of the plate to the thickness of the walls at the bottom of the plate is strictly greater than 1. Further, this ratio is comprised between 1.05 and 2.0, such as 1.05, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 and / or 2.0. Even more preferably, this ratio is approximately 1.4. Because the walls at the top of the plate are thicker than at the bottom of the plate, the top can handle a larger load, since these are distributed over a larger contact surface on the top of the plate. As the force exerted by the load on the walls at the top of the plate is further transmitted along the wall, part of the force is also carried by the filling material that lies along the wall. This makes it possible to make the plate with less material, which is economically interesting, without compromising the rigidity of the plate. The honeycomb structure further ensures an optimum ratio of firmness or specific strength and efficient use of materials. This structure has been found since ancient times in architecture, but since then also in many other applications such as so-called sandwich panels. This structure is also clearly reflected in FIG. 1A-B-C and in FIG. 2A-B-C.
    In a further preferred embodiment, the plate is substantially flat and substantially rectangular. In this way, the geocomposite can be used efficiently when constructing load support structures, often involving an underlying flat structure that needs to be applied over a larger surface. Due to the rectangular shape, several geocomposites can be placed adjacent to each other to form a larger structure. In addition, one of the practical applications is a water-permeable layer for car parks, terraces and the like, with a flat substructure normally being chosen for this. It goes without saying that both the shape (mainly rectangular) and the profile (mainly flat) can be adapted to the needs of a user (for example triangular with a varying thickness of the plate).
    In a preferred embodiment, the plate comprises at least high density polyethylene (HDPE). The HDPE preferably has a mass density between 950 kg / m3 and 970 kg / m3, more preferably the mass density of the HDPE is approximately 960 kg / m3. Preferably, the HDPE has an MFI below 15. More preferably, the HDPE has an MFI below 10. Even more preferably, the HDPE has an MFI of about 7.5. This value is optimal for being able to inject the molten HDPE into a mold for forming the plate, preferably in a honeycomb structure. At lower values, the injection of the HDPE becomes problematic since it cannot spread sufficiently in the thin cavities of the mold in which it is to completely spread. The low MFI of the HDPE, certainly in relation to the usual materials (polypropylene with an MFI of at least 15, often more than 20) also ensures that the plates formed have a greater specific strength than the plates in the prior art, without noticeable additional costs in material, and without using an excessive amount of HDPE. Preferably, the HDPE has an environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) tear resistance greater than 40 hours, more preferably greater than 50 hours, and even more preferably about 55 hours or more. Preferably, the HDPE is at least resistant to tensile stresses (mechanical stress) of up to 20 MPa. More preferably, the HDPE is at least resistant to tensile stresses of up to 25 MPa. Still further preferably, the HDPE is at least resistant to tensile stress up to about 31 MPa. The HDPE is preferably resistant to deformation up to at least 500% before fracture occurs. More preferably, the HDPE is resistant to deformation up to at least 750% before fracture occurs. Even more preferably, this is at least 1000%. The modulus of the HDPE is preferably comprised between 1000 MPa and 1800 MPa, more preferably between 1200 MPa and 1600 MPa. Even more preferably, the modulus is approximately 1400 MPa. Preferably, the notched impact resistance of the HDPE is comprised between 4.0 kJ / m2 and 8.0 kJ / m2. More preferably between 5.0 kJ / m2 and 7.0 kJ / m2, and even more preferably, the notched impact resistance is approximately 6.0 kJ / m2. Preferably the material comprising the plate is resistant to a load of at least 500,000 N distributed over 1 m2 of the plate. More preferably, the plate can withstand a load of 750000 N over 1 m2 of the plate. Even more preferably, the plate can withstand a load of 1000000 N over 1 m2 of the plate. Hereby the load is always placed on the top or bottom of the plate. Preferably, the plate is well resistant to frictional stresses on the top of the plate.
    In a preferred embodiment, the geotextile comprises at least polyester. More preferably, the geotextile comprises at least one thermally bonded continuous bi-component filament, the filament having a core comprising polyester and having a coating comprising polypropylene. In an alternative embodiment the coating comprises at least one polyamide, more preferably this is polyamide 6, also known as nylon 6 or polycaprolactam or poly (hexano-6-lactam). This version has the advantages of being tough and elastic, and resistant to wear. The geotextile has the purpose of closing off the channels of the plate on one side such that filling material cannot move from the channels to the outside along the bottom of the plate, and also stops the reverse movement of material. In addition, the geotextile is such that water and small dust particles can move through the geotextile, this can be done by choosing parameters of the geotextile such that the filaments of the geotextile are placed further apart. In this way the geocomposite can excellently function as a drainage system. After all, large particles such as the filler material are retained by the geotextile in the channels, and water and / or dust are allowed through. If dust particles are also retained too much by the geotextile, this becomes clogged by saturation with dust particles and the water-permeable nature of the geotextile will also disappear over time, as a result of which the geocomposite can no longer fulfill its function as a drainage system. The geotextile is preferably such that particles with a diameter of less than 0.1 µm are passed. Preferably, particles with a diameter of less than 0.5 µm are passed. Even more preferably, particles with a diameter of less than 1.0 µm are passed.
    In a further preferred embodiment, the geotextile is attached to the bottom of the plate such that the bonded geotextile can withstand a force of 100 N, the force being directed from the bottom to the top of the plate. At a force directed from the top to the bottom of the plate, the adhered geotextile can withstand a force of 100 N. Preferably, this is 160 N and 130 N. Preferably, this is 220 N and 160 N, respectively. It is of great importance that the geotextile has a strong bond with respect to the plate. In this way the filling material cannot collect under the plate.
    In a preferred embodiment, the geocomposite comprises two equal plates, each with two long sides and two short sides. The long sides of the plates are parallel to each other. The two plates are adhered to the same side of the geotextile and placed next to each other such that a first long side of a first plate lies along a second long side of a second plate. The geotextile is thereby foldable along an axis that runs along the first side of the first plate, and thus also along the second side of the second plate. This configuration is visible in FIG. 2A-B. Preferably the honeycomb structure of the two plates is such that the channels of the first plate connect to the channels of the second plate, and partial channels on the first long side of the first plate are supplemented by partial channels on the first long side of the second plate to form complete channels, again shown in FIG. 2A-B. This allows a simple, compact stacking of the geocomposites during their transportation, as shown in FIG. 2C. On the one hand, this makes it possible to store or place plates on a smaller surface in a storage room or on a transport vehicle. On the other hand, this configuration allows for safer manipulation of the plates, either by hand or with a device depending on the dimensions of the geocomposite. Too large a geocomposite plate can begin to bend and break or crack when manipulated. By making the geocomposite pliable, it has a smaller dimension in manipulation and the bending can go through less strongly, but on the other hand there is also an increased resistance to bending through the double layer of the plates. Finally, this foldable configuration also allows you to manually manipulate the plates. For dimensions of goods, the dimensions are usually adjusted to the size of so-called 'Euro pallets' with a length of 120 cm on a width of 80 cm. These dimensions for a geocomposite allow it to be manipulated by one person, for example recording and placing. The actual size of a geocomposite that conforms to the Europallet pleated configuration (ie 120 cm by 80 cm), is in fold-out, and thus operational, mode twice as large (120 cm by 160 cm). This allows for faster manipulation of the geocomposites, since the geocomposites are light and the weight is not directly a problem for manual manipulation, and certainly not for mechanical manipulation. The dimensions herein formed a greater limitation by bending the geocomposite, which is solved in this way. The placement of the geocomposites can be done twice as fast in this way.
    In a preferred embodiment, the wall thickness of the walls on the top of the plate is comprised between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. The wall thickness is preferably comprised between 0.9 mm and 1.6 mm, and more preferably between 1.1 mm and 1.4 mm. This thickness provides an improved ratio between the required amount of material and the rigidity of the plate. On the basis of this thickness, a geocomposite can be obtained with properties as described in this document (for example notched impact resistance and the like).
    In a preferred embodiment, the plate has a thickness between 13 mm and 50 mm. The thickness is preferably comprised between 13 mm and 20 mm, or between 25 mm and 35 mm or between 35 mm and 45 mm. More preferably, the thickness is either comprised between 13 mm and 17 mm, or between 28 mm and 32 mm, or between 38 mm and 42 mm. Still further preferably, the thickness is about 15 mm or about 30 mm or about 40 mm. The first thickness of 15 mm of the geocomposite makes it particularly suitable for liquid-permeable support of low loads and small pressures, such as pedestrians, small vehicles such as cyclists, mopeds, golf carts and the like, and ideally suited as a foundation for paths on a golf course. The second thickness, 30 mm, is suitable for liquid-permeable support of average loads and pressures, such as terraces, garden paths, flat roofs, cemeteries, spectator zones of sports grounds, cycle paths, walking paths. This geocomposite also allows loading by passenger cars. The third thickness, 40 mm, is suitable for liquid-permeable support of higher than average loads and pressures, such as on a driveway, parking places for passenger vehicles, but can also withstand heavy traffic (more than 3.5 tonnes).
    In a preferred embodiment, the geotextile does not allow roots to pass through and / or the geotextile does not allow root formation. Including a so-called anti-root layer ensures that weeds or roots of larger plants and / or trees cannot grow through the geotextile, this due to the high tensile strength of the geotextile. The tensile strength of the geotextile is preferably at least 40 MPa, more preferably at least 70 MPa and even more preferably at least 100 MPa. With tensile strength, reference is made to the pressure required on the surface of the geotextile to cause it to tear.
    In a preferred embodiment, a first channel of the geocomposite plate has seams where a second and a third channel are adjacent to the first channel. Here at least one seam of the first channel is reinforced by a larger wall thickness at this location. This reinforced seam (8) can also be seen in FIG. IC.
    In a preferred embodiment, the channels have a diameter comprised between 40 mm and 60 mm. Preferably the diameter is comprised between 46 mm and 54 mm. More preferably, the diameter is approximately 50 mm. The diameter is the diameter of the circumscribed circle around the opening of a channel at the top. These dimensions ensure a good ratio between the amount of material used and sufficient firmness and allow a wide spectrum of filler material.
    In a preferred embodiment, the plate has a length between 110 cm and 130 cm, preferably about 120 cm. The width of the plate is comprised between 70 cm and 90 cm, and is preferably approximately 80 cm. These are so-called Europallet dimensions. If the geocomposite is pliable, these are the dimensions of the plates separately, as mentioned earlier.
    In a preferred embodiment, the geocomposite comprises a filling material, preferably gravel, suitable for at least partially filling the channels of the plate. The filler material preferably has a maximum diameter, also known as grain size, comprised between 4 and 25 mm, such as for example between 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22 and 25 mm. The ratio between the diameter of a channel and the grain size of the filling material is preferably between 3 and 5. This ratio is optimal to ensure a high rigidity of the plate with filling material in the channels, a good through-flow and hereby a low watering-through. amount of filling material, which is more economically interesting. With gravel, reference is also made to so-called gravel. The filler material is preferably a hard gravel type, since it will crumble less quickly under load, which can lead to reduced liquid permeability, and become greener less quickly due to water absorption, which is aesthetically less interesting.
    In a second aspect the invention comprises a method for placing one or more geocomposites as described in this document, for liquid-permeable support of loads, comprising the following steps: a. Optionally excavating a foundation slot; b. optionally placing a sub-foundation in the foundation slot; c. optionally placing a leveling layer between 5 cm and 20 cm in the foundation slit, wherein the leveling layer is preferably limestone, porphyry or sieve sand; d. placing the one or more geocomposites in the foundation slot; e. optionally filling in the channels of the one or more geocomposites with a filling material; f. optionally placing a top layer of filler material above the one or more geocomposites.
    In a third aspect, the invention comprises the use of one or more geocomposites as described in this document, with filler material in the channels, and optionally a layer of filler material above the geocomposite, for fluid-permeable support of loads. Use is made here of the high capacity for bearing loads, the liquid permeability and the adhesion of geotextiles and plates of the geocomposite. Preferably the filler material is as described in this document. The layer of filler material preferably has a thickness between 0.5 cm and 2.5 cm, more preferably about 1 cm.
    EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1
    In FIG. 1A-B-C is a geocomposite with a single plate (1) on a geotextile (2). The plate has channels (3) in a honeycomb structure. In FIG. 1B the plate can be seen in top view, as it is normally placed and used. The channels are suitable for containing a filling material, such as gravel, pebbles or other aggregates. The channels are preferably hexagonal prisms as in FIG. 1A-B-C. In FIG. IC is an enlarged angle of the plate visible, on which the configuration of the hexagonal prisms is clear. This configuration is extremely suitable for laterally connecting different plates to each other. EXAMPLE 2
    In FIG. 2A-B-C shows a geocomposite with two plates (1) attached to the same side of a geotextile. In expanded form, as in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, the two plates connect to each other such that they roughly have the honeycomb structure of a single, by having partial channels on the side of the plates join together to form a complete channel. Furthermore, the geocomposite can be folded in this form along the line (7) on the underside of the two plates where they lie against each other. In this way the geocomposite has a closed shape, as in FIG. 2C, which makes the geocomposite easy to manipulate and portable, and moreover transportable in a more efficient manner. EXAMPLE 3
    In FIG. 3A-B is a cross-sectional view of the geocomposite with a filler material (5) in the channels (3). It can clearly be seen here that the thickness of the walls (4) is higher at the top of the plate than at the bottom of the walls (4). Moreover, a layer of filler material (5) is provided as a top layer above the plate. In FIG. 3B shows how liquids can flow smoothly (6) through the channels (3) and subsequently through the geotextile (2) and can be diverted to the substrate.
    Preferably, the geocomposites all have Europallet dimensions (length of approximately 120 cm, width of approximately 80 cm).
    It is believed that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and that modifications or changes can be added to the described examples without re-evaluating the appended claims. The present invention has been described with reference to a flat, rectangular plate, but it should be understood that the invention can be applied to e.g. curved plates or wavy plates or round, triangular and other plates.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    CONCLUSIONS
    A geocomposite for fluid-permeable supporting loads, comprising: a. At least one thermoplastic plate, comprising an upper side and a lower side, provided with a plurality of channels in a honeycomb structure from the upper side to the lower side, the channels being approximately the same size and wherein the channels on the bottom and on the top of the plate are open; b. a geotextile, wherein the geotextile is liquid-permeable and wherein the geotextile is adhered to the underside of the plate and wherein the geotextile closes the channels on the underside of the plate liquid-permeable; characterized in that the walls at the bottom of the plate are thinner than the walls at the top of the plate, wherein the wall thickness at the top of the plate is between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, the plate having a thickness between 13 mm and 50 mm, and wherein the channels have a diameter comprised between 40 mm and 60 mm.
    [2]
    A geocomposite according to claim 1, wherein the plate comprises at least high density polyethylene (HDPE).
    [3]
    A geocomposite according to any of claims 1 to 2, wherein the plate is substantially flat and substantially rectangular.
    [4]
    A geocomposite according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the geotextile comprises at least polyester.
    [5]
    A geocomposite according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein there are two equal plates each having two long sides and two short sides, the long sides of the two plates being parallel to each other, the two equal plates are attached to the same side of the geotextile, the two plates being placed side by side such that a first long side of a first plate of the two plates lies along a second long side of a second plate of the two plates, and wherein the geotextile is pliable about an axis that runs along the first long side of the first plate and the second long side of the second plate.
    [6]
    A geocomposite according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the wall thickness on the top of the plate is comprised between 0.9 mm and 1.6 mm and preferably between 1.1 mm and 1.4 mm.
    [7]
    A geocomposite according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plate has a thickness of about 15 mm, either about 30 mm or about 40 mm.
    [8]
    A geocomposite according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the geotextile comprises at least one thermally bonded continuous bi-component filament, the filament having a core comprising polyester and having a coating comprising polypropylene.
    [9]
    A geocomposite according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the geotextile comprises an anti-root layer.
    [10]
    A geocomposite according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein a first channel has seams where a second and a third channel are adjacent to the first channel and wherein at least one seam of the first channel has an increased wall thickness.
    [11]
    A geocomposite according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the channels have a diameter between 46 mm and 54 mm, preferably it is approximately 50 mm.
    [12]
    A geocomposite according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the plate has a length between 110 cm and 130 cm, preferably about 120 cm, and has a width between 70 cm and 90 cm, preferably about 80 cm, where if the geocomposite is pliable, the length and width are dimensions of the plates of the geocomposite.
    [13]
    A kit for soil coverage, comprising a geocomposite according to any of claims 1 to 12, and further comprising a filler material, preferably gravel, suitable for at least partially filling the channels of the plate.
    [14]
    A method for placing one or more geocomposites according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 12, comprising the following steps: a. Excavating a foundation trench; b. optionally placing a sub-foundation in the foundation slot; c. optionally placing a leveling layer between 5 cm and 20 cm in the foundation slit, wherein the leveling layer is preferably limestone, porphyry or sieve sand; d. placing the one or more geocomposites in the foundation slot; e. optionally filling the channels of the one or more geocomposites with a filling material; f. optionally placing a top layer of a cover material of the same material as the filling material above the one or more geocomposites.
    [15]
    Use of one or more geocomposites according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 12, wherein a filling material at least partially fills the channels of the one or more geocomposites, for fluid-permeable supporting of loads, optionally a layer of a cover material of the same material as the filling material is provided on the top of the one or more geocomposites.
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